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Hand, baton, 3K JPEG

Technical Information

Site Management

We took pride in managing concertatore.com for over five years with “just Notepad and brains.” But once we got over 100 files we found it tough sledding. Worse, we knew we were postponing the implementation of new ideas. Losing control over the site, however, was scary. Ultimately, we settled on Macromedia’s Dreamweaver 4.0 and began to get serious with it in the summer of 2001. It comes bundled with Fireworks 4.0 and, well, things look promising. Your feedback is welcome.

Before we did that, though, we re-structured the message archives and installed the simple Google search form. We are considering other search strategies. Back to the top

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Images

We have created simple graphics using Windows Paint and did most of our serious editing with Paint Shop ProPaint Shop Pro, version 5.01 by Jasc’s Software.

Macromedia’s Fireworks 4.0 came bundled with Dreamweaver. Dreamweaver used Fireworks to create the thumbnails necessary for the “Web Photo Albums” (both photographers, Avery and Brodzeller) and did a lot of the grunt-work of setting up all the files—but we did a fair amount of editing to make the pages do exactly what we wanted.

If you are using Netscape Navigator and are intrigued by the way that some of the individual images seem to come into focus slowly, we are using the LOWSRC attribute for the IMG tag. Rather than a low-resolution image, however, we are using a thumbnail and enlarging it with the height and width attributes of the IMG tag. Here is Netscape’s tag reference document. We are told that Internet Explorer ignors this attribute, however.

We have accumulated a lot of photographs over the years by multiple photographers. All photos are listed on the images page. As you click through, you will see the credits with each photo.

 

Animation

The LED sign on the audio page (the scrolling banner with names of artists and composers) was made using GIF Construction Set by Alchemy Mindworks, which is a source of some pretty nifty shareware. Paint Shop Pro came with Animation Shop 1.02 which we used to create the animation that cycles through most of the images of the maestro on the images page. We find both GIF Construction Set and Animation Shop useful depending on the task at hand.

The Flash animation you can access from several different pages was created using Macromedia’s Flash MX, but we saved it back to Version 3 because the animation itself was so simple. It opens in its own window using HTML's very rudimentary TARGET attribute for the HREF tag.

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Audio: Background Info and Player Downloads

You can get a free RealAudio® player at RealAudio’s site. We tested these files using the RealPlayer Plus. (In addition, for the record, we tested on a Pentium/233 with 64 MB RAM and have not had an opportunity to test backward.) The Real folks tell us that the audio quality is technically the same on both players but, sometimes, some improvement can be achieved with RealPlayer Plus because there are more options that affect the transmission. If you have difficulty or really poor quality, therefore, you might consider upgrading. In the meantime, choose the RealAudio download option rather than the RealAudio stream option. Naturally, we would like to hear from you, too.

Note that some of the newer MPEG players will start streaming. As with the RealAudio, if the sound is bad, stop the streaming and download the file.

Our MPEG encoder and players come from Xing Technologies. We understand that our MP2 files are playable by most MP3 players, but not quite all. We used Apple’s iTunes to go back to the original PCM WAV files and convert to MP3. It is impossible to test all players, though, so please let us know if you experience difficulty: click here to send a message.

If you want to get into encoding, there is now a great deal more information around than there was in 1995. Since they are still active, we will credit those who where there when we got started:

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Audio: Details on Encoding and Summary of Audio Files

Regular visitors know we fell in love with MPEG audio upon first hearing it. MPEG still has the edge, we think, in terms of audio quality. But RealAudio® has come a long, long way since days of yore (1995), and that streaming means so much less waiting. So we are serving both formats here @concertatore along with a few small WAV files.

The CD samples at this site were all digitized to PCM WAV format using the highest quality stereo settings (16 bit, 44Khz, but more than 10 MB a minute) while the illustration files for Messages to the Maestro were created using lower settings to keep the files small (8 bit, mono, 11Khz). The MPEG files are stereo files with somewhat reduced data and sampling rates. The RealAudio files were also made from the WAV files and were optimized for 28 Kbps transmission or 56 Kbps, depending on the quality we got.

Back in 1995, we created monoaural versions of the MPEG stereo files because they were half the size and awfully good—perhaps even better than stereo on less-than-Pentium machines. We observe, however, that there was little demand for the mono files. It seems that if visitors went to the trouble of downloading these big files, they went for the best. Therefore, in June of 1998, we set out with the intention of replacing the monoaural MPEG files with RealAudio. In December of 1998 we dropped the last of the MPEG mono files when we learned that we could get decent RealAudio in the problematic cases by engineering for a 56 Kbps modem (yielding a file about a third larger that we got with a 28 Kbps setting). If you get bad quality from a RealAudio stream, you can always click on the RealAudio download option for any clip.

Some players may try to stream the MPEG. Here too, if the sound is bad, stop the streaming and download the file.

Once you download a clip, transmission speed will be irrelevant.

In the case of the Messages to the Maestro illustrations, much smaller files, we kept all three formats, WAV, MPEG, and RealAudio.

Okay, here are all the audio files for audiophiles (could not resist that).

Summary of all audio files @concertatore.com

original file MPEG Audio RealAudio®
CD clips, digitized to PCM WAV format at 44KHz, 16-bit stereo
in order of appearance at this site
Musette svaria sulla bocca, Diana Soviero, 113 seconds, 19 MB WAV file (click for more info about the CD) Stereo: musettes.mp2, 908K, and musettes.mp3, 2.15 MB The RealAudio® file added in June of 1998 was re-engineered for 56Kbps modem in December of 1998.
Egmont Overture finale, Beethoven, 83 seconds, 14 MB WAV file (click for more info about the CD) Stereo: egmont.mp2, 650K, and egmont.mp3, 1.63 MB
Mendelssohn Violin Concerto finale, Angèle Dubeau, 75 seconds, 13 MB WAV file (click for more info about the CD) Stereo: dubeau.mp2, 600K, and dubeau.mp3, 1.43 MB All of the Mendelssohn files (dubeau.*) were re-engineered in December of 1998.
Brahms Piano Concerto, finale of 2nd movement, Anton Kuerti, 79 seconds, 14 MB WAV file (click for more info about the CD) Stereo: kuerti.mp2, 617K, and kuerti.mp3, 1.5MB
Mozart Contessa-Susanna duettino, last half, Lyne Fortin singing both parts, 83 seconds, 14 MB WAV file (click for more info about the CD) Stereo: fortin.mp2, 650K, and fortin.mp3, 1.59 MB
Minoru Miki’s Joruri is a different story: The original is an old mono tape. Therefore, we used the highest settings we could in creating a WAV file (16 bit, mono, 48KHz sampling rate), and we created the MPEG file miki.mp2, 875K, from that and later, miki.mp3, 1.42MB. We had to down-sample to 44KHz in order to make a RealAudio file and we then used the 56Kbps setting in order to keep the quality as high as possible. Stream: miki.ram. Download: miki.rm, 664K. The result is an acceptable and quite generous 2 minutes and 29 seconds, our longest audio sample at this site. Click here for more information about Minoru Miki and Joruri.
Illustrations for Messages to the Maestro, digitized to PCM WAV format at 11KHz, 8-bit mono
Barber of Seville, Joseph Rescigno at the piano, tempo discussion, 136 K WAV file, discbarb.wav Mono: discbarb.mp2, 49K, and discbarb.mp3, 125K
Dalla sua pace, Bradley D. Williams, tenor, discussion of ornamentation, 882 K WAV file, discdall.wav Mono: discdall.mp2, 320K, and discdall.mp3, 786K
Una voce poco fa, Erie Mills, soprano, discussion of ornamentation, 887 K WAV file, discuna.wav Mono: discuna.mp2, 322K, and discuna.mp3, 790K
Giulietta’s aria and variation by Bellini himself, discussion of Capulets & Montagues, 553 K WAV file, giul.wav Mono: giul.mp3, 100K
Tibaldo’s aria and variation by Joseph Rescigno, discussion of Capulets & Montagues, 1028 K WAV file, tibal.wav Mono: tibal.mp3, 186K

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About Joseph Rescigno Audio Samples Messages to the Maestro (intro)